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totem pole, carved and painted vertical log constructed by the Indians of the Northwest Coast of the United States and Canada. There are six principal kinds of totem pole: memorial, or heraldic, poles, erected when a house changes hands to commemorate the past owner and to identify the present one; grave markers (tombstones); house posts, which support the roof; portal poles, which have a hole through which a person enters the house; welcoming poles, placed at the edge of a body of water to identify the owner of the waterfront; and mortuary poles, in which the remains of the deceased are placed.

The carving on totem poles is very shallow, mainly to emphasize the flat, painted surfaces of the symbolic animals and spirits. Each pole generally has from one (as with a grave marker) to many (as with a family legend) animal images on it, all following very standardized forms, which are familiar to all Indians of the Northwest Coast; beavers, for example, always include cross-hatched tails, and eagles show downward curved beaks,
The word totem is a misnomer, for neither the pole nor the animals depicted on it are worshipped. The significance of the real or mythological animal carved on a totem pole is its identification with the lineage of the head of the household. The animal is displayed as a type of family crest, much as an Englishman might have a lion on his crest or a rancher, a bull on his brand.

More widely known, but in fact far less common, are the elaborately carved tall totem poles that relate an entire family legend in the form of a pictograph. This legend is not something that can be read in the usual sense of the word; only with an understanding of what the symbols mean to the Indians and a knowledge of the history and customs of the clan involved can the pole be interpreted. Each animal or spirit carved on the pole has meaning, and when combined on the pole in sequence, each figure is an important symbol constituent of a story or myth. An exact interpretation of any set of symbols, however, would be almost impossible without the help of a knowledgeable narrator from the family.

The totem pole was also a sign of the owner’s affluence, for hiring an artist to make a pole was an expensive proposition. The carving of totem poles reached its peak in the early and middle 19th century, when the introduction of good metal tools and the wealth gained from the fur trade made it possible for many chiefs to afford these displays. Few examples of this period remain, however, as the moist coastal atmosphere causes the cedar poles to rot and fall in about 60 to 70 years. Richard Fulton

Totonac, Middle American Indian population of eastern central Mexico. Totonac culture is in many ways similar to other Middle American cultures, but it possesses certain features not seen elsewhere in Middle America and more likely related to the circum-Caribbean cultures. The Totonac inhabit two types of environment—high mesa, cool and rainy, and coastal lowland, hot and usually humid— and there are corresponding differences in cultural patterns.

Both groups are agriculturalists, growing corn and squash as staple crops. Lowland Totonac also keep bees, poultry, and hogs and raise a variety of cash crops. Highland Totonac keep poultry and raise some livestock; to augment their rather meager farm production, they also engage in peddling and wage labour in the off-season. Lowland Totonac live primarily in scattered farmhouses, while the highlanders live in central villages with their farmlands around them. Totonac are weak in crafts and tool making: tools are generally purchased from commercial outlets, and only a little weaving and pottery is still practiced by the women.

BR> Highland Totonac wear basically traditional homemade clothing: white cotton shirts and pants for men, black wool skirts and cotton overblouses for women. Lowland men wear similar clothing or commercially produced garments, and women wear cotton skirts and blouses or cotton housedresses.

While each family generally farms its own land or follows a trade, highland men frequently go to the lowlands as seasonal wage labourers on the lowland farms. Communal labour on collectively owned village land is required in both the highlands and the lowlands. A system of ritual kinship is practiced by the Totonac; this institution is related to the compadrazgo or institution of godparent- hood commonly seen in Middle America, but among the Totonac the kinship ties are felt to be primarily between the adults involved rather than between adult and child. The Totonac are nominally Roman Catholic but have adapted Christianity to their traditional pagan beliefs, and many pagan ceremonies and rituals are still practiced. Allen Redmond

Tribe, a group of people speaking a common language, observing uniform rules of social organization, and working together for common purposes such as trade, agriculture, or warfare. Other typical characteristics include a common name, a contiguous territory, a relatively uniform culture or way of life, and a tradition of common descent. Tribes are usually composed of a number of local communities (e.g., bands, villages, or neighbourhoods) and are often aggregated in clusters of a higher order called nations. The term is seldom applied to societies that have achieved a strictly territorial organization in large states but is usually confined to groups whose unity is based primarily upon a sense of extended kinship ties, It is no longer used for kin groups in the strict sense, such as clans.

All of the elements in the above definition are subject to exceptions. Thus the Amba of Uganda are considered one tribe though they speak two mutually unintelligible languages; the Zuni “tribe” comprises only a single community; the Kiowa Apache constitute one band of the larger Kiowa tribe; the Dorobo tribe of Kenya live scattered among the Nandi and Masai, for whom they hunt and perform ritual services.

The criterion of political integration, in particular, is inapplicable to many primitive peoples (e.g., of Australia, Melanesia, Amazonia, and western North America) among whom each community may be politically autonomous. Anthropologists, nevertheless, are accustomed to divide such peoples into “tribes” on the basis of linguistic and cultural resemblances.

Sometimes a cluster of independent local groups forms an intermarrying unit or maintains peaceful trade relations or is unified by a common cult or age-grade organization, despite the lack of political integration; but oftentimes all that distinguishes it from other clusters is a common dialect and culture. For this reason there has been a discernible recent trend toward employing the term tribe for any group that can be isolated as the carrier of a distinctive culture, at least in the absence of territorial states. Where such states have developed, it is preferable to use the term nation to designate the comparable but larger culture-bearing groups. Ivan Prostorovski

The technology for rearming aircraft with weapons in midair might soon be a reality. This revolutionary technology would enable combat missions, currently requiring dozens of aircraft, to be performed by very few, and to carry out numerous missions by unmanned combat aircraft without returning to base. Airborne rearming might prove to be as significant as the airborne refueling revolution that occurred half a century ago.

KB-29M performing mid-air refuling (Credit: U.S. Air Force Museum)
In 1921, Alexander P. de Seversky, a Russian pilot who immigrated to the U.S., was the first to apply for and receive a patent for midair refueling. Two years later, the U.S. army began operational testing of midair refueling, but although successful, another decade passed before the necessary technology and technique were perfected and midair refueling became routine. World War II witnessed an even greater improvement in the field of midair refueling technology, but the increase in internal aircraft fuel capacities reduced the need for this technology at the time. With the introduction of “fuel-hungry” jet-powered bombers in the post-war years, the requirement for aerial refueling became apparent once again. Since existing refueling methods proved inadequate for refueling jet bombers, the Boeing Company began testing the "Boeing boom" system, in which a wide pipe connected to the rear of a modified B-29 fitted with small wings, was lowered and "flown" to a connector on the receiver aircraft. This new system permitted the transfer of over six-times as much fuel per minute and since the 1950’s, further improvements to the boom system have increased its efficiency and safety. But although computers and a variety of sensors were integrated in recent years, the refueling system remains humanly-operated. Several companies world-wide are developing automatic technologies for aerial refueling, designed to further increase the safety of this complex procedure.

Whereas aerial refueling increases the range of an aircraft almost indefinitely, bombers still must return to base for rearming as they are limited in the amount of weapons they carry. However, when the target is situated hundreds of miles away from a friendly base, precious time and resources are lost on flights to base for rearming. Furthermore, in some cases the political situation precludes the use of friendly military bases near the operating theater.

Bombs inside a rearming plane
To resolve these problems, the Israeli company Far Technologies developed the Airborne Rearming System (ABRA; currently patent pending) in conjunction with the Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) engineering group that conducted preliminary system design. The ABRA concept is similar in many respects to airborne refueling, with a number of notable modifications. Far Technologies' system comprises a rearming plane (a C-130, C-130c, C-17, or even a C-5) with an internal bomb storage area and loading device consisting of a large aft door with a modified remote-driven robotic arm (boom) equipped with a day-night camera as well as sensors, and, on the attack aircraft, a special smart pylon to receive the arms from the boom. Each C-130c would be able to carry a payload of up to sixteen 2,000 lb (907 kg) bombs (such as an MK-84), while larger aircraft would easily be able to rearm a full squadron of planes. (A C-17 could potentially carry up to seventy MK-84s and a C-5, around 100.)

Rearming mechanism
At present, manned attack missions may take up to several hours, and most of this time is spent flying to and from the target. By employing a refueling and rearming aircraft positioned 50 to 150 miles from the target, the efficiency of an air strike could be doubled with only a slight increase in time and flight distance. While manned aircraft could benefit from airborne rearming in certain scenarios, unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) currently under development could theoretically gain much more from such a technology. Unlike manned aircraft, UCAVs can currently stay aloft for days, and in the future, weeks or even months at a time, performing countless refueling and rearming rounds. Such a capability does not yet exist and would require some level of automatic operation, similar to that currently under development for aerial refueling; if successful, however, it would dramatically increase the flexibility of air power utilization in future conflicts.

A comprehensive study, conducted by Professor Asher Tishler from Tel Aviv University, on the logistical, economic, and operational aspects of ABRA outlined a number of benefits over conventional rearming: (1) the number of bombs delivered in a given time frame could be quadrupled in certain situations, (2) a great cost reduction would be incurred, due to the reduction in the number of aircraft needed to perform each mission, (3) an operational capability could be maintained even while airfields and carriers are under attack, (4) a reduction in aircraft response time whenever a new target is located, and, although not explicitly mentioned in Tishler's report, (5) the potential for aerial conquest, in which an aircraft (typically a UAV or UCAV) occupies a specific area of the enemy's airspace and maintains it for an unlimited period to observe enemy movements and eliminate all relevant targets in that area.

TFOT recently interviewed Nir Padan, CEO of Far Technologies as well as a distinguished Israeli test pilot, who elaborated on ABRA. antike parusto

Hooke’s law, law of elasticity discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660, which states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. Under these conditions the object returns to its original shape and size upon removal of the load. Elastic behaviour of solids according to Hooke’s law can be explained by the fact that small displacements of their constituent molecules, atoms, or ions from normal positions is also proportional to the force that causes the displacement.

The deforming force may be applied to a solid by stretching, compressing, squeezing, bending, or twisting. Thus a metal wire exhibits elastic behaviour according to Hooke’s law because the small increase in its length when stretched by an applied force doubles each time the force is doubled. Mathematically Hooke’s law states that the applied force F equals a constant k times the displacement or change in length x, or F = kx. The value of k depends not only on the kind of elastic material under consideration but also on its dimensions and shape.

BR> At relatively large values of applied force, the deformation of the elastic material is often larger than expected on the basis of Hooke’s law, even though the material remains elastic and returns to its original shape and size after removal of the force. Hooke’s law describes the elastic properties of materials only in the range in which the force and displacement are proportional. Sometimes Hooke’s law is formulated as F = —kx. In this expression F no longer means the applied force but rather the equal and oppositely directed restoring force that causes elastic materials to return to their original dimensions.

Hooke’s law may also be expressed in terms of stress and strain. Stress is the force on unit areas within a material that develops as a result of the externally applied force. Strain is the relative deformation produced by stress. For relatively small stresses, stress is proportional to strain. Richard Fulton

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The launch in mid-July of the first inflatable space habitat marked another milestone in the commercialization of space, and a step closer to the dream of a space hotel to be realized next decade. This article will review the origins and development of the first space habitat, as well as plans for the first inflatable space hotel.

Since the start of the Apollo space program and the first moon landing in the 1960's, man has been intrigued by the possibility of space tourism where a room in space could be booked as conveniently and cheaply as one on Earth. But this scenario may no longer be purely science fiction. Approaching half a century since Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, reached orbit, man is beginning to commercialize the final frontier. Amateur astronauts have taken part in official missions on several occasions since the mid 1980's. Since the first space tourist, American multimillionaire Dennis Tito, paid in excess of $20 million for the opportunity to undergo extensive training and spend a week on the multi-billion dollar International Space Station (ISS) in 2001, three others like him - South African Mark Shuttleworth, American Gregory Olsen, and the first woman space tourist, Iranian-born American Anousheh Ansari - have followed.

Until recently, the only way to reach orbit was either the space shuttle or the Soyuz space capsule. In 2004, Scaled Composites launched the first non-government-sponsored manned spacecraft, SpaceShipOne. Though the vehicle attained only sub-orbital flight, it opened the door to a new generation of privately-funded spaceflights. Virgin Galactic is planning to launch SpaceShipTwo, capable of carrying passengers into sub-orbital altitude in late 2008, followed by a larger version capable of real orbital reach a few years later.

Scoring a parking spot for your private spaceplane in orbit is a different story. The ISS, which is still unfinished (mainly due to the Columbia disaster), is not a space hotel and, although occasional tourists have boarded the Russian part of the station, it is first and foremost a scientific laboratory that will not be used to accommodate a large number of space tourists. Seeking to launch a genuine space hotel, hotelier Robert T. Bigelow created the space tourism company, Bigelow Aerospace, in 1999. Following seven years of development, Bigelow Aerospace launched its first inflatable space structure, Genesis I, on July 12th, 2006 using a Dnepr LV missile (a converted Russian SS-18 Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile) from the Yasny Launch Base in Russia. Measuring 4.4 m (~14 ft.) in length and 1.6 m (~5 ft.) in diameter when compressed, the spacecraft successfully reached a 483 km (300 mi.) orbit, then extended its solar panels, and inflated in fifteen minutes, expanding its width to a full 2.54 m (~8 ft.) in diameter. The Genesis I prototype habitat will be followed in a few months by Genesis II, a more sophisticated habitat that will carry more cameras (18 as opposed to Gensis I's 13). The next stage will be the larger Galaxy-class of habitats with a volume of 23 cubic meters, double that of the Genesis-class. The final ambitious step will take place in about six years with the launch of the huge 330 cubic meter Nautilus habitat, approaching the ISS's 425 cubic meters of usable volume. Launching this enormous 25 ton structure into orbit is a daunting task and Bigelow Aerospace plans to use a larger booster such as the SpaceX's planned Falcon 9S rocket to launch it into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
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TransHab test at NASA (Credit: NASA)
The birth of Bigelow Aerospace and its inflatable space hotel concept in 1999 was intimately connected to the conceptualization and development of a space habitat for the planed future manned Mars Mission. The so-called TransHab project was initiated around 1997 by a NASA team headed by William Schneider, a prominent NASA engineer. The 600 cubic meters required for the habitat would be too heavy and large to be lifted into orbit. Thus, Schneider and his team of engineers devised a light, inflatable module that could be loaded onto a rocket or the space shuttle, squeezed to about a third of its normal size, and inflated to its full size once in orbit. The TransHab concept was also suggested as a possible living quarters module for the ISS and, though finally cancelled by Congress in 2000, it became the basis of the Genesis-class space module.


TransHab in NASA's test facility (Credit: NASA)
One of the most important design features of the TransHab is its multi-layer (nearly two dozen), foot-thick, inflatable shell made of various extremely high-strength, lightweight fibers with numerous protective features. The outer layers of the shell break up space debris and micro-meteorites that may hit the shell with speeds of up to 7 km/s (about seven-times that of a speeding bullet) and shield multiple inner "bladders", which contain the module's air, preventing it from escaping. The shell also insulates against the extreme temperatures of outer space, ranging between 121 oC (250 oF) in the sun, to -128 oC (-200 oF) in the shade.


TransHab's MMOD structure (Credit: NASA)
The exterior part of the shell, called the Micro-Meteoroid/Orbital Debris (MMOD) impact shield, is composed of alternating layers of Nextel, a material commonly used as insulation, and several thick layers of foam, similar to that used for chair cushions. A particle that impacts the Nextel and foam layers shatters, losing progressively more energy as it continues to penetrate. Far inside the shell is embedded a layer of bullet-proof, lightweight Kevlar that holds the module’s shape once inflated and surrounds three air-tight bladders made of Combitherm, a material commonly used in the food-packing industry. The innermost layer, forming the inside wall of the module, is Nomex cloth, which is fireproof and also protects the bladders from scratches from the inside

Though public interest in Bigelow's space hotel concept is vast, space tourism will remain a costly affair for the near future, out of reach of most people. Thus, Bigelow is building on a number of other lucrative space initiatives; chief among them will be selling space on its future habitats to countries that are unable to afford their own manned space programs. Currently underway is the "Fly Your Stuff" program, an opportunity for paying costumers to send items (smaller than a golf ball) including pictures onboard the Genesis II. For less than $300, an engagement ring can be lofted into orbit where it will be filmed by one of the many cameras installed on the habitat, and returned along with a keepsake video. Perhaps, following a lengthy engagement, the honeymoon could be booked there as well.

TFOT interviewed Bigelow Aerospace Corporate Counsel, Michael Gold, to learn more about the development and future plans of Genesis I and Bigelow Aerospace. antike parusto

The moon is one of thirty-two satellites that circle about the nine planets of the solar system. It is a quarter the size of the earth, weighs one-eightieth as much, and moves in a nearly circular orbit at a distance of a quarter of a million miles from us.

The moon is undistinguished among its sister satellites in nearly every respect. Lacking an atmosphere and oceans, it is a poor piece of real estate and a most unlikely abode for life. Yet, the very features of the moon which make it undesirable for colonization also endow it with a unique scientific value.

The moon has preserved the record of its past for an exceptionally long time; it holds clues to the early history of the solar system which are unavailable on any other neighboring body. On the earth, the atmosphere and the oceans wear away surface features in 10 to 50 million years, and mountain-building activity turns over large areas of the surface in about the same time. There is little left on the earth of the features that existed several hundred million or a billion years ago.

But on the moon there are no oceans and atmosphere to destroy the surface, and there is relatively little of the mountain-building activity which rapidly changes the face of the earth. Over large areas of the moon, the materials of the surface are as well-preserved as if they had been in cold storage.

Many craters are circled by ramparts ranging up to 10,000 feet in height. Some of these ramparts must be a billion years old or more, yet photographs taken with a telescope clearly indicate that they have been preserved almost unchanged, with little of the original material worn away. On the earth, a mountain 10,000 feet high is worn away in the relatively short time of 100 million years.

Why does the moon lack air and water, which are abundant on the earth? The answer is connected with the small size of the moon and the weak pull of gravity at its surface. The atmosphere of any moon or planet quickly drifts away into space if it is not held in place at the surface by the force of gravity. Even with gravity there is always a steady leakage of gas from the atmosphere into space.

The smaller the planet, the less the pull of its gravity, and the greater the leakage rate. The moon is so small that all the gases originally present in its atmosphere, including water vapor, escaped quickly when it was still very young. If no life exists on the moon, what is the scientific interest of lunar exploration? A large part of the answer is connected with the excellent state of preservation of the moon.

The piece of rock that the astronauts bring back to the earth will almost surely contain no life; it will probably contain no gold or silver; but, nonetheless, it will be scientifically priceless because of the revelations it can offer regarding the history of the solar system. Alan Benson

HAVE you checked the temperature lately? If so, very possibly you consulted a mercury thermometer. Perhaps you wondered where the mercury came from. The source could well have been the Almadén mine in Spain, where the world’s richest mercury deposit is found. More than a quarter of the world’s mercury production comes from this seam.

“Quicksilver” in English, Quecksilber in German, vif argent in French, azogue in Spanish and hydrargyros in Greek—all are names for mercury—that elusive, slippery, silver-colored, “live” or “quick” liquid metal. In the modern world, mercury has more than 3,000 uses. How is it obtained?

Geologists say that eight elements form more than 98.5 percent of the earth’s crust, and that the remaining 95 or more, including mercury, constitute a mere 1.5 percent of the total. Consequently, mercury is not easy to find.

Mercury in Its Natural State

During the formation of the earth, mercury was one of the thermal liquids that pushed up to fill the cracks and fissures of certain parts of the earth’s crust. In some cases, it remained as pockets of liquid mercury, but in the majority of cases it combined with sulfur to form mercuric sulfide or cinnabar. The rock that contains this mineral has a reddish hue. On closer examination, it has a speckled appearance. Those red speckles contain the precious mercury, which is separated from the ore by the slow process of mining the rock, crushing it, roasting it and distilling and condensing the resultant vapor, then, by filtration or agitation, separating from the condensate the hydrargyrum (from the Greek word meaning “liquid silver”). Today we call it “mercury,” a name that was applied by the alchemists in the sixth century C.E.

When did man first discover mercury? One source says that mercury has been found in Egyptian tombs dated as early as 1500 B.C.E. We can find definite reference to the metal in the writings of Theophrastus (a disciple of Aristotle), who, about 300 B.C.E., described how “liquid silver” was prepared by a simple process of pounding cinnabar stone together with vinegar in a copper vessel. Actually, the pounding served to separate small quantities of free mercury, but did not liberate the mercury that was in compound form.

Pliny the Elder reported, about 50 C.E., that each year some 5,000 kilograms (11,000 pounds; 5 metric tons) of cinnabar were taken from Sisapo in Spain (possibly the area known today as Almadén) and were transported to Rome, where cinnabar was used as vermilion pigment. The mercury was used to recover the “noble” metal, gold, as well as being used with gold in a gilding process.

At the beginning of the eighth century C.E., the Arab invasion of the Iberian peninsula began. This Arab and Moslem occupation lasted for eight centuries. During this period, the Arabs encouraged the exploitation of the Almadén mercury mines. As a result, much of the present-day Spanish vocabulary that has to do with mercury mining springs from the Arabic. For example, even the full name of the town, Almadén del Azogue, is derived from the Arabic words al-ma′din (the mine) and az-za’ūq (the mercury), or The Mine of the Mercury. The Spanish word for the condensation chamber that is used to obtain the mercury is aludel, from the Arabic al-’utal, which refers to the receptacle that was used for condensing the mercury vapor into liquid. The old furnaces that were used in Almadén were called jabecas, derived from the Arabic sabīka, or ingot. Similarly, the men employed to construct the ovens were albañiles, from al-bannā, the bricklayer or builder, or were alarifes, from al-′arīf, the teacher or skillful one.

The Spanish king Alfonso VII recaptured Almadén in the year 1151 C.
and during the following centuries the Spanish crown ceded the mine for private exploitation. In the 20th century the direction of the mine was put in the hands of an administrative council that has progressively modernized the mine, a process that continues to this day.

Distillation Methods Through the Centuries

The primitive methods for obtaining mercury were far from efficient, as is shown by the fact that in the 17th century workmen were able to feed the new Bustamante furnaces with burned stone that had been thrown out after use in the Arab jabecas, or ovens, and were still able to get appreciable quantities of mercury. The first Bustamante furnace was installed in 1646. In two years, nine more of these were built, and eventually 16 were in operation. This boosted mercury production from 2,527 quintales, or hundredweight, in 1646 to an annual production of 7,000 hundredweight in 1776.

Uses of Mercury

As the centuries rolled by, the uses for mercury multiplied. In the 16th century, Paracelsus, a Swiss-born alchemist and physician, employed mercury in the treatment of syphilis. In 1558, Bartolomé de Medina improved the method for extracting silver by a process that involved the use of mercury. The weather barometer was invented in 1643 by the Italian physicist Torricelli, who used a column of mercury to determine the atmospheric pressure. The thermometer with which the doctor or nurse checks your temperature was invented in 1720 by the German scientist Gabriel Fahrenheit, who calibrated the tube containing the expanding column of mercury, making 180 divisions between the freezing and boiling points of water.

Another and less peaceful use for mercury was invented after E. C. Howard discovered mercuric fulminate, which was used until the 1960’s to detonate explosives. The list of uses has snowballed in our 20th century to include agricultural and industrial fungicides, electric switches and mercury batteries, to name only a few. Mercury in vapor form serves in ultraviolet lamps, and in mercury lamps that light the highways. In some cases, mercury vapor is used instead of steam for power generation. This versatile metal has also been used in dental fillings as an amalgam with a silver and tin alloy. It does not appear to be poisonous when so used.

Mercury—Friend or Foe?

This is a legitimate question, for in the last 20 years man has learned the hard way that mercury is a servant that has to be strictly controlled. In many countries, including Japan, Sweden, the United States and Canada, evidence has accumulated establishing the fact that mercury in certain forms is a poison that affects both human life and animal life.

Investigations have revealed abnormal amounts of mercuric compounds in certain fish and game birds. These excesses have been traced to industrial plants that have released mercury along with other waste products, and also to fungicides using methyl mercury. This compound, entering into the food chain, produces catastrophic effects.

Methyl mercury is especially dangerous to pregnant women, since it tends to accumulate in the fetus, causing brain damage to the unborn baby. In New Mexico, U.S.A., in 1969, a family was poisoned by eating pork from a hog that had been fed on grain treated with methyl mercury. Three children were severely crippled, and the fourth, poisoned while in the womb, was born blind and retarded. In the area of the Japanese city of Minamata, mercury poisoning reached epidemic proportions before the doctors finally tracked down the culprit—methyl mercury that had belched out of the effluent pipe of a nearby factory, contaminating the fish, which was a main local source of food. Jenie Hinaloc

Lemming, any of several small rodents, family Cricetidae (order Rodentia), found primarily in north temperate and polar regions of North America and Eurasia. Lemmings are placed in four genera: Dicrostonyx (collared, or Arctic, lemmings); Lemmus (“true” lemmings); Myopus (the wood, or red-backed, lemming); and Synaptomys (bog lemmings). Lemmings are short legged, with small ears and long, soft fur. They are 10 to 18 centimetres (4 to 7 inches) long, including the stump of a tail, and are grayish- or reddish-brown above, paler below. The wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor) of the Old World has a reddish back. The collared lemmings of the Arctic regions of the U.S.S.R. and Canada, have dark back and face stripes, except in winter, when their fur is completely white. Lemmings feed on roots, shoots, grasses, and other plant material, and live in burrows or rock crevices. They breed from spring to fall, the female producing up to nine young after a gestation period of 20 to 22 days.

Lemmings are noted for the regular fluctuations of their populations and for their periodic migrations. The population “explosions” (occurring about three or four years apart in the genus Lemenus) are not completely understood.

Factors influencing population change include the following: natural increase in numbers after the last migration and its subsequent population decline; reduction in predators resulting from the decline in lemmings, their prey, after a migration; and optimal breeding conditions for lemmings.

The migrations of lemmings tend to occur in spring and in fall. The movements of the Norway lemming (Lemmas lemmas) are the most dramatic, as many of the migrants may end by drowning in the sea. The causes of lemming migrations are unknown, but the major factor seems to be related to seasonal changes in habitat. The animals tend to follow paths and roadways established by people or animals, and they apparently move outward in all directions from a central area. Lemmings hesitate to enter water and generally try to avoid swimming across rivers and other bodies of water, seeking land crossings whenever possible. They do not, as is popularly supposed, plunge into the sea in a deliberate, suicidal death march. Ivan Prostorovski

The Tissue Culture Microscopes is important tools in the world of science, technology, biology, chemistry, and physics, and almost every branch of science that requires the expertise of a microscope. Among the necessity that requires the need of a microscope is the fact that certain minute organisms are never visible in the eye of a human, thus, the need for microscope is very much high. In this case, the place of microscope in the heart of everyone is very much indispensable and no wonder, no other instrument will be able to replace, at least to parallel, the present place of a microscope in the heart of every scientist, student, expert, inventor and many more.

Microscope comes in different type. Through the advent of time, more and more kinds of microscope have sprouted, each having a specific function. Through the course of time, more and more microscopes were invented by a lot of people. What a simple microscope invented by lowly glass makers in the 17th century has now evolved into becoming a clan of microscopes with different functions, belonging in different types and family.

We have the simple and basic monocular microscope which eyepiece is only one. We also have a binocular microscope which further comes into different kinds, such as the stereoscopic binocular microscopes, binocular tissue microscopes and many more.

As of this moment, our featured product is the tissue culture microscope, a specialized microscope used while you are studying histology and in culturing and in reproducing the tissue. The best thing about the tissue culture microscope is that it is inverted.

When we say inverted, the objective of the microscope always faces upward. Why? This is because the right way of viewing a specimen in above the Petri dish where the specimen is being placed. All the objectives are structured in a long pattern. This is to allow the light to pass through below the glassware which holds the tissue culture specimen.

When you view a tissue, especially when the illumination applied to the microscope is a brightfield one, the specimen would appear to be translucent. Another model of a tissue culture microscope has phase contrast illumination. The phase contrast tissue microscope contains an inverted tissue microscope model having the capability of viewing the specimen to like that of a fluorescence microscope. That is why more and more university students of biology, professors, researchers, scientists, and other microscope enthusiasts are choosing this kind of microscope especially in their studies about the tissue. Likewise, the tissue microscope is also gaining prominence in hospitals, clinics, and health care units. If ever you want or you decide to buy whole, brand new unit of a Tissue culture microscope, don’t hesitate to call us. Likewise, you may log in at www.tissueculturemicroscopes.com. We also offer you a much-needed advice should you need further information about choosing the right microscope. Our skilled, well trained staff is more than willing to assist you as they are equipped with all the knowledge and idea about the game of tissue culture microscopy. peter

TrueVision Microscopes, Inc. is a microscope-dealing store based on St. Louis, Missouri. The very essence of this company is the dealing and selling of first-class, both low- and high- powered microscopes of complex kinds and types. Not only does TrueVision Microscopes Inc. sell microscopes. This company too sells a lot of microscope accessories, like microscope lenses, microscope slides, USB for microscopes, and even cameras for microscopes.


No other microscope company offers any better services in terms of microscopes and microscopy than TrueVision Microscopes, Inc. Here is a business so dedicated to this profession that the workers and the owner all give all of their heart for the betterment of the service that they are offering to their customers. That is why; this St. Louis, Missouri-base company is growing both in prestige and in size as one the fledgling and leading microscope dealing company not only in the continental United States but also through the world, spanning seven seas and five continents.

The success of TrueVision Microscopes as a leading name in this trade is not only based on the efforts of a single person, but through the concerted efforts of many workers who are trying their best to give utmost and excellent services as demanded by their clients. They simple never say no with regards to the needs of their customers in terms of microscopy and microscopy equipment. At the very moment a customer buys a product, TrueVision Microscopes employee’s waste no time in packing and delivering it to the right destiny and this happens in no slow pace.

The essence of delivering products on time is planted into their minds, thus, they have a strong, quality customer service, enabling them to speedily ship the cargos in the nick of time.

TrueVision Microscopes, Inc., as a 21st century company which adheres to the computer age, has its own email address and website where you can comfortably visit, view, and select the product of your choice. Sight-seers are also allowed to view their product so as to help them gain knowledge from the information displayed together with the microscopes pasted on screen. The companies email support is sales@truevisionmicroscopes.com. The email support receives and dispatches thousands of email a day, a proof at how zealous people are in having a microscope.

Microscopes offered here at TrueVision Microscopes vary from the simple, basic one which comes in very affordable and reasonable prices to more professional, high-powered microscopes, in demand to both the professionals and scientists, like tissue culture microscopes, ENT Microscopes, blood microscopes, and many more.

For those are very fast-paced and high-tech, we also sell USB Microscopes to enable the users to attach what they see to the screen of their computer and view it at a more comfortable means.

So what are you waiting for? Don’t wait for this opportunity to pass from your grasp. Email or visit our site at the comfort of your computer. We have excellent products for you, and we have modern, latest ones which I am sure will be very enticing to your taste! peter

Previously, I would always opt for somebody to write my essay for me because it just seems so difficult to do it on my own. There are plenty of ways and guidelines available on how to write an essay - one only need to scan and research the right resources to come up with a striking piece. It is not a bad idea to pay for an essay to be written. Many professional writers are offering their services online just so you could go on with your daily activities hassle-free. But, it is also a good idea to at least know a thing or two about writing a good essay. Here are a few tips and guidelines that you can use on how to write a great introduction for your essay.

Whatever happened why you stopped trying to write an essay all by yourself? Was it because of the pressure in making a striking introduction that stopped you from trying your hardest? All of us went through this same dilemma at one point or another but mind you, this is not something that we cannot solve. In fact there are a lot of techniques that you could utilize to come up with an outstanding piece all on your own. In introducing a topic, some of your ideas may fit in just perfectly and some may also not. Do not get disappointed though because you can all utilize these ideas by going through some steps. The most important thing in writing an introduction is to catch the attention of your readers or your audience. To do this, you need to provide your readers with enough information and in the process giving a slight hint of what is to come as they read along. You also need to be careful with how you use words in your sentences, an important factor in writing a good introduction.


In learning how to write an essay introduction, you need to take into consideration the type of audience that you want to impress. What do you think is the information that your readers or your audience will be willing to hear or what is it that will elicit intense emotions? Ensure that you will be able to stir all the right kinds of emotions from them and more. There are different ways of introducing a topic some go right away to the core of the action while some go through a short narration of the past or the present situation. By doing this, you raise a question in the minds of the readers thus, pushing them to continue reading the piece. This strategic move works more often then not but just ascertain that you do not get your readers at a complete loss. If you want your piece to start in a mellow manner, you can try quoting a famous person who has said an impacting message. The next step that you should do is provide your thesis which for most writers are given towards the end but it has also been found out that it also works effectively when introduced after the main introduction has been bitten by the reader.

If you still choose to pay for an essay to be written, this information will still be helpful for you in recognizing how a professional writer has done his or her style. Essay writing should not be considered as something laborious; instead it should be something that is fun. So next time you say “I need someone to write my essay” you will choose a professional. pay

NLP, or Neuro-Linguistic Programming, is a set of communication tools, techniques and methods that can help people improve their performance in nearly any field of endeavor. From improving sales performance, to golf swing, to ending phobias and much more, NLP is popular among self-help professionals such as life coaches, hypnotherapists, sports coaches and therapists.

Given its effectiveness in helping people make rapid, positive change in their lives, it's no surprise that NLP training is in demand. But with tuition ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars, how can you choose an NLP training seminar or instructor that's right for you?

Here are six tips to help you find an affordable, effective NLP training and certification program that's right for you.

1. Find out who trained the trainer. NLP was co-created in the 1970s by computer specialist and mathematician Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder. Essentially, they're the fathers of NLP. When considering a trainer, find out how many "degrees of separation" there are between the trainer and the founders of NLP. You may get better results from a trainer who is "closer to the source."

2. Look for a trainer licensed by The Society of NLP- Richard Bandler. Dr. Richard Bandler created the Society of NLP to exert quality control over those training programs, services, and materials claiming to represent the model of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). Contact The Society of NLP directly at (973)-770-3600 to confirm that a trainer is in good standing with The Society of NLP-Richard Bandler.

3. Ask for references. Experienced NLP trainers should have a list of satisfied clients you can speak to. If the trainer cannot provide references, you may want to move on. That could mean that they're just starting out (in which case, you'd expect to pay considerably less than you would pay to work with an experienced trainer). Or a lack of references may indicate that the trainer needs NLP training as much as you do!

4. Ask previous students about the training. Once you've called the trainer's references, ask them about the quality of the NLP training they received; the pace of the training (was it too fast? Too slow?); the trainer's ability to connect with students (was the trainer available after the course to answer questions or give advice on using NLP?) and the trainer's personality.

5. Look for a guarantee. NLP training can be very valuable—but like anything of value, it can be expensive. When considering an NLP trainer, find out about the trainer's refund policy. Look for a 100% satisfaction guarantee that lasts the whole length of the training, not just the first day or two.

6. Talk to the NLP trainer. Find out how easy it is to reach the trainer. Do they teach the NLP training themselves, or do assistants do the bulk of the work? Do you "click" with the trainer on the phone? Do you feel rapport? Does the trainer even take your calls? (If the trainer can't make time for you before the training, how much time will he or she have to support you afterwards?)

NLP Practitioner and Master Practitioner Training is an investment that can pay huge dividends in your life, whether you use your NLP skills for self-improvement or in a private practice to help others. And like any investment, it pays to do your research before you spend your hard-earned money. These six tips should help you find an NLP training course and trainer who's right for you.

About Kevin Cole
Although he learned NLP and hypnosis to improve his own life, Kevin Cole soon realized that helping others with NLP and hypnotherapy was deeply fulfilling. Kevin Cole is a Purposeful Empowerment Guide™, NLP, Life Coaching and Hypnosis Trainer. Kevin has trained with some of the best teachers in the world, including—but not certainly not limited to—NLP co-founder Dr. Richard Bandler, and Gil Boyne, Master Hypnotist and pioneer in the field of Hypnotherapy.

About NLP
NLP was co-created in the 1970’s by computer specialist and mathematician Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder. The two were investigating the work of Virginia Satir, known as the "mother of Family Therapy," Fritz Perls (founder of Gestalt Therapy), and Milton H Erickson, legendary clinical hypnotherapist, to discover—and attempt to model—what made these three therapists dramatically more effective than other therapists. NLP has grown beyond family therapy to become a popular self-improvement methodology in sales training, behavior modification, sports performance and interpersonal communications, among many other applications. Kevin Cole

Have you ever asked yourself the question, “What is my purpose in life?” Well, if you have, you certainly aren’t alone. At the time of the writing of this article, according to a Google keyword search tool, over 165,000 people a month search for the term life purpose every month.

So what is “life purpose” anyway? Is it something that’s predetermined by a “higher power” or did we decide on it ourselves before our own birth? Or is it possible that everyone has the same basic purpose in life, only we are each very unique in exactly how we can go about living it?

Before getting into the “What is my purpose in life?” question, let’s put things into proper order. I’ve been studying personal development in a wide variety of ways, while also helping one-on-one clients and students of my NLP Training Courses discover their true purpose in life for over 14 years now, and I’ve found that before people can truly live their life “on purpose”, they must first start with a solid foundation of self love & forgiveness (both for themselves and others).

As a matter of fact, anytime a client of mine is dealing with an unresourceful emotion (and by this I mean an emotion that tends to be negative, which they could fix if they had the resources), I target right in on self love & forgiveness and so far, every single time they are feeling upset, hurt, jealous, depressed, angry, fearful, alone, insecure, etc., etc. etc., the “culprit” has come down to be a fundamental lack of love for him/herself and/or a lack of forgiveness for him/herself and/or others. And once I guide them to achieve that, all too often it’s as if all of the other issues and unresourceful behaviors just disappear…

Now, you might be saying to yourself, “OK, so I can see how important self love & forgiveness is, but how do I achieve it? I mean, it’s got to be hard and take a long time to achieve, right?” Wrong!
It can be hard and take a long time but it doesn’t have to be! There are a lot of people who talk about how important loving & forgiving yourself & others is but there’s not a lot of people helping others to experience what it really is and just how powerful it can be.


Because I am fully aware of just how important these two ingredients are to living a happy, fulfilled, balanced, and yes… purpose-filled life, I have decided to make my life’s work helping my clients and students experience these two wonderful emotions, along with experiencing them in such a way that they can strengthen them on their own on a regular basis.

Loving yourself is the absolute #1 best thing you can do for yourself AND others… When you are truly filled with love for yourself, you automatically care more about others. You see, hear, and feel the world in a completely different way. As I personally like to phrase it, you see the world as it TRULY is. I believe very strongly that when you love yourself, life, and everything in it, then you are being your TRUE SELF.

So how do you do it? How do you get yourself to actually love yourself and then how do you get yourself to forgive? And furthermore, how do you get your clients to achieve this as well?

There are a number of ways to go about it, and this is a big part of the main focus of our Empowerment Quest International NLP, Life Coach, and Hypnosis Training Courses.
One of the primary ways that this is achieved is to actually imagine stepping outside of yourself and seeing yourself through the eyes of someone who loves you, preferably in a way that feels unconditional.

That may sound a little silly at first, but think about it… How we feel about ourselves is affected by our thoughts and what we say to ourselves, right? All of that negative self-talk like, “Oh, how could you be so stupid?”, or “Why can’t I do anything right?”, etc. When we can manage to step outside of ourselves, we can get away from that and better yet, when we imagine seeing ourselves through the eyes of someone we believe loves us unconditionally and see ourselves from this different perspective, a powerful and profound thing happens… We can actually start to feel a great deal of love for ourselves! Kevin Cole

Architectural CAD Drafting Service to Make Your Dream House and for the Construction of Building Design Successfully. Civil Engineering industry giants say that different kinds of business are dependant upon Architectural CAD Drawings and to generate revenue for their business needs. Architectural design outsourcing services covers each & every aspect of business starting from the scratch as Architectural CAD Drawing CAD Design & Drafting, CAD Design Services, Civil Engineering Design, HVAC Drafting, HVAC Duct Design, Paper to CAD Conversion, PDF to CAD Conversion, form processing etc.

Full-service provided by Architecture CAD Design Company and is experts at producing working construction drawings for residential and commercial Building. From cabins to cottages, shopping malls to building complexes, we understand that there are always decisions to be made and specifications to be incorporated in your architectural designs & architectural drawings. We struggle to find customized CAD architecture design solutions to transform your ideas into real working drawings like construction drawings and HVAC Plans.

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With the Current situations it seems that the demand for civil engineering is going to spread in the next few years and with this a highly experienced workforce from top-of-the-line infrastructure will be needed. Some engineering services are tailor-made to meet the demands of the civil engineering industry. Like the services owned by Architectural design outsourcing services – India.

Architectural Design & Drafting Specializing in

• CAD Drafting Services
• CAD Conversion
• 3D Walkthroughs
• Electrical Plumbing Drawings
• Outsource Paper to CAD Conversion
• MEP Engineering
• Paper to CAD Conversion
• Construction Drawings
• Landscaping Drawings
• Construction Cost Estimation Services
• HVAC Services
  

This Company provides reliable and affordable Engineering Design services that meet International standards. We have skilled, professionals, experienced in Architectural CAD Drawing and CAD services with the latest Engineering Design and CAD platforms. Satish Ghode

Do you have dreams?

What kind of dreams you have? For example, your dream home that is Property, choice of business, dream infrastructure with latest design, Presence in market everywhere, to look beyond our imagination, inner desire to show people what we believe, infrastructural revolution and many more wishes that is ongoing in our mind.

So how can one give wings to our dreams? How can we visualize our dreams to establish in reality?

The answer is adopting and using new ongoing technology and updated latest software applications will help to apply and which will help us to enhance our life style.

The use of 3D Rendering and 3d Architectural Design delivered on a CD/DVD, posted on a website, downloaded to a PC, iPod, PDA, mobile phone as well as shown on a plasma TV in a sales office.

Custom 3D Walkthrough and 3D Architectural Illustration is the best tool for marketing because it can deliver an emotional and immerse experience unlike any other, with audio visual support to demonstrate your vision down to the smallest detail. It will also help to differentiate and establish the brand image in the people’s mind in the market.

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One can go for a complete film but one can think for 3d visualization & 3D Design studios which offers high quality Render Services like Architectural 3D Modeling, 3D Architectural Rendering, 3D Rendering Interior, 3D Floor Plan, 3D Industrial modeling, 3D Facade and 3D animation. Product modeling and product animation, 3D character animation, 3D Fly Through created by expert 3d designer.

3D Product Design, 3D Modeling and Animation, industrial and engineering modeling will help the firm to visualize the future of the product and applications of it. For example, For an Architect, house is a product which is used by the end user that is client.

The applications of 3D rendering, 3D Walkthrough, 3D Illustration, providing photo realistic design and video content, are in the exhibition, large retail stores, video posters, and many more. This new direction in marketing and provides entertainment, brand-life-style associations and persuasive call-to-action for shoppers and visitors. Jeff

Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is widely used forms of energy. We can’t imagine our lives without electricity as that has become one of our basic needs. Electricity is a controllable and convenient form of energy used in the applications of heat, light and power. However, electronics is also related to this source as it can’t be operated without electricity. Electronics is a technology involving the manipulation of voltages and electric currents through the use of various devices for the purpose of performing some useful action. Get the detail information about electricity related terms such as electric gear, electric generators, electric thermostat, and electrochemical sensors. You can also get the information about nuclear electricity, producing electricity and the importance of conserving electricity which is the current problematic issue in the whole world.

Electrochemical sensors are used to determine the concentrations of various analytics in testing samples such as fluids and dissolved solid materials. Electrochemical sensors are frequently used in occupational safety, medical engineering, process measuring engineering, environmental analysis, etc. Electrochemical detector is also one of the important terms related to this. The Electrochemical Detector responds to substances that are either oxidizable or reducible and the electrical output is an electron flow generated by a reaction that takes place at the surface of the electrodes. Read more information about it on electroinfosite.com

Electronic relays are used in a wide variety of applications throughout industry, such as in telephone exchanges, digital computers, motor and sequencing controls, and automation systems. Highly sophisticated relays are utilized to protect electric power systems against trouble and power blackouts as well as to regulate and control the generation and distribution of power.

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An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, this reverse process that of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. A three phase induction motor has a simple design, inherently high starting torque, and high efficiency. Such motors are applied in industry for pumps, fans, blowers, compressors, conveyor drives, and many other kinds of motor-driven equipment. Three phase motors will also vibrate less and hence last longer than single phase motor of the same power used under the same conditions.

Nowadays, electronics contributes a lot to medical treatments for curing some rare diseases. Electro therapy is one of them which mean a medical therapy using electric currents. Electrotherapy is based on principles developed during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries following the first demonstration of animal electricity. This therapy is used for afflicted deep tissues that do not respond to conventional methods, such as infrared heating or heating pads, can often be achieved with diathermy etc.

Thus electricity has a very important place and value in our lives. So everyone should realize the importance of conserving this energy source without which our lives will be miserable. This energy can’t be created or destroyed although it can be changed from one form to another. So it is very important to conserve the related sources created by energy. Electricity is one of the important sources which are to be conserving heavily or else mankind will face a huge problem in future and the best way to conserve electricity is to use it in proper manner. Save electricity as much as you can and don’t waste this resource unnecessarily. Read more information about conservation of electricity on electroinfosite.com. Celina Gomes

Books are outdated; anyone can agree that books have been around for thousands of years and really haven’t changed much. Very little has changed about the book itself except for the author, picture and content. I wonder if the ancient Romans also hated paper cuts. Let’s face it: paper really isn’t a very good record keeper; it’s flammable, ink fades, sun damages the paper, oils from your fingers are destructive to the pages, etc. But recently a new creation was born to take over the world of the book: Digital Book Reader.

A “Digital Book Reader” is a device that is similar to the “Pads” found on Star Trek. These electronic devices are usually tablet in shape and house a screen that is as easy on the eyes as a paperback would be. Actually better for those folks that would like to either enlarge or decrease font size. These digital readers can also save your page so you never need to remember where you were or where your bookmark is.

These digital readers allow for vast amounts of titles to be stored into the device’s internal memory. Then there are models that allow for expanded memory and the storage capabilities become virtually limitless. No longer is the need to carry 50 pounds of textbooks anywhere these readers often way less than 15 ounces! The amount of information that is accessible with one of these devices is staggering at best. You can be on-the-go and have all your favorite books, magazines, and even blogs brought to you daily and effortlessly. Reading when traveling has never gotten easier! These readers allow you to bring ALL your books along with no problem and no extra bulk in your suitcases.

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Some models of Digital Book Readers offer the user wireless download of books from anywhere at anytime without the need to connect to a computer or even a network connection; the reader does it all on its own. Now that’s impressive; you can search, pick, download and start reading your book in under a minute anytime, anywhere.

These devices usually have a screen that can be viewed and read from even under direct light; just like your standard paperbacks. Also like paperbacks, digital book readers can be operated with one hand allowing the other free to do what it pleases. Pages can be turned with the single click of a button. Some models also allow for a full hands free approach with text to speech. Tired of reading? Simply tell the device that you want it to read to you!

Downloading books to your digital book reader is not just a snap but it’s also cheaper than buying the actual book. This, of course, is due in large part to the fact that there is no need to buy paper. Publishers save printing costs and you save directly on purchases of your favorite books. Bestsellers can go as low as $9.99!

It’s safe to bet that the future of book reading is soon on its way in. Once prices of Digital Book Readers have dropped enough that everyone can afford it (not to say its so expensive now) we’ll be seeing this device slowly replace the conventional book. Our planet also thanks us for this effort as less books means less trees being chopped down! Maria Oliveira

The World Wide Web can educate you, making you aware of the latest technologies evolving day by day. IT professionals are now well informed with knowledge at par that provides them with better paying jobs leading to a bright future and acclaim in the IT industry. Its real good news for IT aspirants as they can get all time online guidance on topics related to computers and education on software development and designing from websites that aim to provide with knowledgeable and informative scripts and tutorials on ASP.Net, java script, VB.NET, XML, Flash, Database, Remotely Hosting, HTML, Payment Gateway, ASP.Net Ajax tutorials and many more topics of vital importance.

Many of the websites today consists of scripts that serve as tutorials that help programmers and students in understanding the essential characteristics about a particular tool and its functions that are well arranged, categorically. These websites present with free downloadable scripts of ASP, ASP.Net, C and C++, XML, CFML, Database, shipping implementation and payment gateway. Learners have access to best tutorials of ASP.net, C#, ASP, Perl, PHP, Java script, C & C++, ASP.Net Ajax Tutorials, J2ee, J2Me, Java, Python & Ruby Rail and Ecommerce etc. The tutorial websites also consist of interview questions to help young aspirants to face job interviews with confidence as this section prepares them with expected questions mostly asked during interviews.

The ASP.Net Ajax tutorials can provide in-depth analysis and lessons on topics related to Ad Management, Auctions, and Blog scripts, Calculators, Calendars, Classified Ads, Communication Tools and Content Management. ASP.NET stands for Active Server Pages.

It lets you create dynamic web applications. This popular Microsoft technology creates pages that work in all browsers. Additionally, when programming in ASP.NET, you can build web pages using far less code than with classic ASP. ASP.NET has better language support, a large set of new controls and XML based components. A variety of ASP.NET scripts are viewable online and a study on it would be a wise thing to do.

AJAX, popularly known as Asynchronous JavaScript and XML is not as easy as it might seem. It therefore becomes important to learn correct techniques through Ajax tutorials. Gaining acclaim by Google in the year 2005, AJAX involves the use of the nonstandard XML Http Request object to communicate with server-side scripts. It can send as well as receive information in a variety of formats, including XML, HTML, and even text files. As the name suggests it is “asynchronous” in nature, which means it can do all of this without having to refresh the page. This allows you to update portions of a page based upon user events. Though it is not a new programming language, Ajax has given a new means to create user friendly web applications. Ajax tutorials consists of ECMAScript for XML topics namely Simple Asp.Net + Ajax example, ECMA Script for XML, AJAX Http Requests, Adding AJAX to a website step by step, AJAX and Session “Race Conditions”, AJAX and Session “Race Conditions”, Alternate Ajax Techniques, Part 1, Ajax - JavaScript on Steroids and other related topic that essential are useful in the long run. Therefore, get on with your online study and reference and to learn more about website development and designing. Peter Parker

Lancelot, also called LANCELOT DU LAC or LANCELOT OF THE LAKE, one of the greatest knights in Arthurian romance, the lover of Arthur’s queen, Guinevere, and father of the pure knight Sir Galahad. Lancelot’s name first appeared as one of Arthur’s knights in Chrdtien de Troyes’ early-l2th-century romance of Erec, and the same author later made him one of the heroes in Le Chevalier de Ia charette, which retold an existing legend about Guinevere’s abduction, making Lancelot her rescuer and lover. It also mentioned Lancelot’s upbringing by a fairy in a lake, a story that received fuller treatment in the German poem Lanzelet. These two themes were developed further in the great 13th-century Vulgate cycle, or prose Lancelot. According to this, after the death of his father, King Ban of Benoic, Lancelot was carried off by the enchantress Vivien, the Ladi of the Lake, who in time sent him to Arthur s court. Her careful education of Lancelot, combined with the inspiring force of his love for Guinevere, produced a knight who was the very model of chivalry.

BR> In later branches of the cycle in which worldly chivalry was set against chivalry inspired by spiritual love, Lancelot’s son, Sir Galahad, whom he fathered by Elaine, daughter of the Grail keeper King Pelleas, displaced him as the perfect knight. Lancelot’s adulterous love for the queen, moreover, caused him to fail in the quest for the Holy Grail and set in motion the fatal chain of events that brought about the destruction of the knightly fellowship of the Round Table. See Grail, Holy.

In medieval English romance, Lancelot played a leading role in the late-l4th-eentury Le Morte Arthure, which told of a fatal passion for Lancelot conceived by Elaine the Fair of Astolat and which described the tragic end of Lancelot’s love for Guinevere; he also played a central role in Malory’s 1 5th-century prose work Morte Darthur, in which it was essentially the conflict between Lancelot’s love for Guinevere and his loyalty to his lord that led to Arthur’s “dolorous death and departing out of this world.” Bideau Schimetzki

Pocahontas, personal name MATOAKA, Christian name REBECCA (b. c. 1595, vicinity of Jamestown, Va.—d. March 1617, Grave- send, Kent), Powhatan Indian woman who helped maintain peace between English colonists and native Americans by befriending the settlers at Jamestown, Va., and eventually marrying one of them; dramatic accounts of her unusual role have immortalized her name in American folk history.

Daughter of the powerful intertribal leader Powhatan, Pocahontas was a young girl when she first became acquainted with the colonists who settled in the Chesapeake Bay area in 1607, The following year, according to a later account written by Capt. John Smith, founder and leader of the colony, she saved Smith’s life after he had been captured by the tribe. Just as he laid his head on the sacrificial stone to await death, Pocahontas supposedly flung herself down and, embracing the captain’s head, successfully implored her father to spare him.

After Smith returned to England in 1609, relations between the Virginians and Powhatans deteriorated.

Capt. Samuel Argali therefore seized the opportunity to kidnap Pocahontas, hoping to use her to negotiate permanent peace. Treated with great respect and courtesy during her captivity, Pocahontas was converted to Christianity and was baptized Lady Rebecca. She was ransomed by her father, but before she could return to her people she fell in love with John Rolfe, a distinguished settler; both the Virginia governor, Sir Thomas Dale, and Chief Powhatan agreed to a marriage. This unusual interracial union did indeed prove beneficial, and peace prevailed as long as Pocahontas lived.

In 1616 Governor Dale, seeing in the adaptable and charming Indian princess a pleasing advertisement for the London Company of Virginia, took Pocahontas and her husband to England, where she was received at court and lionized by English society. About to embark for home, she contracted smallpox and died, Her only son, Thomas Rolfe, was educated in England and later migrated to Virginia, where he became a leading citizen. Daina Hersh

Alexander I (b. Dec. 16 [Dec. 4, old style], 1888, Centinje, Montenegro, now in Yugoslavia—d. Oct. 9, 1934, Marseilles), king of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (1921—29) and of Yugoslavia (1929—34), who struggled to create a united state out of his politically and ethnically divided land.

The second son of Peter Karageorgevic (king of Serbia 1903-14) and Zorka of Montenegro, Alexander spent his early youth in Geneva with his father, then in exile from Serbia, and in 1899 went to St. Petersburg (now Leningrad), where he entered the Russian imperial corps of pages (1904). In 1909, however, when his elder brother renounced his right of succession, Alexander, having become heir apparent, joined his family in Serbia.

A distinguished commander in the Balkans Wars of 1912—13, Alexander was appointed regent of Serbia by the ailing King Peter (June 24, 1914) and during World War I served as commander-in-chief of Serbia’s armed forces, entering Belgrade in triumph on Oct. 31, 1918. As prince regent, he proclaimed the creation of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Sbvenes, on Dec. 1, 1918.

The instability of the new state was demonstrated by an attempted assassination on the day (June 28, 1921) that Alexander swore an oath to uphold the constitution. Nevertheless, on August 16 he succeeded his father as king and on June 8, 1922, he married Marie, a daughter of Ferdinand I of Romania. Later Alexander attempted to consolidate the rival nationality groups and political parties into a unified state.

During the l920s, mounting political tensions forced numerous changes in government ministers and culminated in the murder of several Croat deputies by a Montenegrian deputy during a Skup’stina (parliament) session (June 20, 1928).

The Croat members then withdrew from the Skupitina, and because Alexander could neither negotiate a satisfactory compromise for restructuring the body nor form an effective government, he dissolved it, abolished the constitution of 1921, and established a royal dictatorship (Jan. 6, 1929).

Continuing his efforts to unify his subjects, he changed the name of the country to Yugoslavia (Oct. 3, 1929), outlawed all political parties based on ethnic, religious, or regional distinctions, reorganized the state administratively, and standardized legal systems, school curricula, and national holidays. He also tried to relieve the peasantry’s financtal difficulties, and he eased relations with Bulgaria (1933) and engaged Yugoslavia in the Balkan Entente, an alliance with Greece, Turkey, and Rumania (1934).

In the process Alexander created a police state that required military support for survival. When a new constitution was promulgated (Sept. 3, 1931), the dictatorship was, in effect, given a legal foundation; civil rights were granted with restrictive qualifications; the independence of the judiciary was curtailed; and the Skupbtina was restored, but with diminished powers.

Although Alexander’s acts were at first well received, demands for a return to democratic forms intensified by 1932, when a major economic crisis resulting from the worldwide depression added to political dissatisfaction. As a result, Alexander seriously considered restoring a parliamentary form of government; but before he was able to do so, he was assassinated by an agent of Croatian separatists while making a state visit to France. Arnold Richmond

Having 2 kids allows me to see those great movies. Last week I watched Finding Nemo. I loved it. For several reasons. One reason is that it was great to watch how somebody (Merlin, Nemo’s dad) can find purpose and make such a radical change.
By the way I also like to play the seagulls shouting “Mine, Mine, Mine” in front of my kids.

Then the next day I came across a poem by Christain D. Larson which I want to share with you:

When you work simply for yourself or for your own personal gain your mind will seldom rise above the limitations of the undeveloped personal life;

but when you are inspired by some great purpose, some extraordinary project, all your thoughts break bounds; your mind transcends limitations; your consciousness expands in every direction;

and you find yourself in a new world, a great world, a wonderful world; dormant powers, faculties and talents become alive, and you discover yourself to be a larger man by far than you ever dreamed yourself to be.”

And I truly believe his words. Once you have found this purpose or extraordinary project, your life will be propelled forward. You will never have to create momentum again. Why not? Because you are living your dream.

Lots of times people come to me and ask me that same question over and over again. Especially when they are aged between say 30 and 50. What is it that really drives me? What’s my purpose? What is my legacy?

So how DO you find your purpose? That extraordinary project?

Without going into too much detail I would like to share some tips with you that might help you better understand how to find your purpose. And first of all let me start by saying that from my perspective a lot of people are bounded by their own reality. They have made up stories that keep them where they are right now.

So you might want to start there. How is your perceived reality? What do you think is possible? Napoleon Hill once said: “Whatever the mind can conceive and believe it can achieve”.

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They say that from everything there is out there you know that you only know 10%. And then you know things that you don’t know and that’s another 10%.
Now here’s the deal. The other 80% you don’t know that you don’t know. How’s that?

So here’s tip no.1 EXPAND YOUR MIND, YOUR PERSPECTIVE
Why is it that all great masters from today and yesterday live their life on purpose? How did the great minds of all times think and believe? How do other people think and believe? What is your perspective?

Tip no.2: Start using your unconscious by using your faculty of imagination. And Visualize.
Close your eyes and just visualize the question you need to ask yourself?what is my purpose? That extraordinary project? How does it look like, feels, smells, hear. And what do I hear myself saying to myself?

Tip no.3: Go back to your childhood and ask yourself what it was that gave you goose bumps.
What topics did you like? What were your main skills and abilities? What did you really love to do?

Tip no.4: Go forward in time, and ask yourself what it is what you want to leave behind?
How do you want to be remembered? What is your legacy?
And again visualize and use your faculty of imagination.

Tip no. 5: Listen to your heart.
What is it that would really make you happy? What’s your heart telling you?

To wrap it all up, I want to share a little exercise with you about finding your purpose.
Here’s what to do:

1.Take out a blank sheet of paper and a pen.
2.Write at the top, “What is my true purpose in life?”
3.Write an answer (any answer) that pops into your head. It doesn’t have to be a complete sentence. A short phrase is fine. Continue doing this for as long as you can while repeating the question. For some people it helps when they close their eyes.
4.Repeat step 3 until you write the answer that makes you cry. Have a good look. This probably is your purpose. Wilbert Molenaar

It's amazing isn't it? About 7 months ago I released a major limiting belief and things have only gone forward from there. Both professionally and personally.

As Denis Waitley stated once: "Our limitations and success will be based, most often, on our expectations for ourselves. What the mind dwells upon, the body acts upon".

Having released that limited decision, it enabled me to create momentum for my dream. A dream that’s coming true every day, well almost everyday, of my life. And the momentum will carry me to where I have the desire to go. Some call it stepping up others calls it doing what need to be done.

But how often don’t we limit ourselves through our programming. Through the events that we engage and the decisions we made upon those events. Decisions about ourselves, other people and the world we live in. And after a while those decisions become thick threads running through our minds. Threads like: “I am not able to do that”, “I can’t do that”, “ I am not worth it”, “I don’t deserve it” and so on. In my case…..

I had made a limited decision ( unconsciously), a long time ago, that I wasn’t able to set up a successful coaching business AND being a good dad and husband. That was my reality. So it showed up in my actions. And guess what I didn’t pull it off. Nor was I really able to be a good dad and husband.

And during that period it was actually not a possibility to have both, a successful business and a being a good dad. Now that I released the decision and turned it into a AND – AND belief I have a very different reality.

With AND – AND, I mean being a good dad and husband AND a have a successful coaching & training business.

I am having much more fun now being a dad and husband. And the funny thing is that within 7 months I created a successful coaching business with enough satisfied customers to pay my bills.

Isn’t that great. By changing your belief, changing your reality. And actually get what you want.

Maya Angelou once said: “A bird doesn't sing because it has an answer, it sings because it has a song”. The most important question you have is the answer is to your destiny, your calling, your song or whatever name you give it. Once you found that song, you can sing it wherever you are.

And then you align your beliefs with your song. By doing that your actions will align with your will and the things you really want will appear in your reality.

It all sounds quit simple. And it is. As long as you know where to look and how to eliminate those limited decisions. And that’s what where Neuro Linguistic Programming and Systemic work comes in. These modalities allows us to create awareness and transform limiting beliefs into empowering ones.

Oh and by the way, having done that doesn’t mean that everything will run smoothly from then. No, along the way new limiting beliefs will come up as well as new significant events that, by the way you deal with it, might have a limiting impact on you. And then the process starts all over again.

But as long as you know your song and deal with what’s keeping you away from singing that song, you’re living your dream. So what’s your song? Wilbert Molenaar

NDSS Traffic School – you hawthorn feature seen this expression and not identified what it meant. NDSS stands for National Defensive Driver Safety Services, online traffic school that provides traffic school Online courses using a web-based interface.

There are more reasons that someone power label themselves search prohibited a Colony utility betterment class. The most informal is the hotel mandate, in which a try orders reciprocation edifice because of a hurling ravishment of few sort. winning a Colony utility advance gathering remove reckon them to dismiss a ticket, concentrate a fine, or subordinate points on a license.

There are many online traffic schools that are permissible to offering their courses over the Internet. NDSS Traffic School delivers through online single of these courses. The assemblage is delivered via an online story kinda than by downloading instruction software or feat into a conventional room for a lecture. education tangible is provided in the taxon of entanglement pages, gelable exclusive finished this somebody account, and new elements specified as 3-D animations, videos, and gutter shows are included as conception of the material.

When a individual is looking for an online gathering to improve their driving skills, they should deliberate the benefits of a web-based course. Not only does it pompano the instructors to supply to and raise the education when parvenu laws go into cause or nonrepresentational utility hit wisdom changes over time, it also permits students to hit their blob in the education from whatsoever machine with Net access.

This becomes a outstanding john when a educate has a chore at an office, and wants to work on the way during their repast part and then take up again at base on the association computer.

It also comes in composer for students who are involved in taking course ,finished an online medium, but don’t feature a machine of their possess to use. They throne go to a university’s machine lab, if they are a student, or to a open deposit to utilize a joint computer. Courses that tell commencement of code do not countenance either the mobility or the susceptibility to utilize a computer that a web-based class allows.

The help to online courses in soon over classroom-taught programs is the cognition to adapt the timing and continuance of apiece category term to the student’s schedule. any grouping occupation better tardy at night, and few are aboriginal risers who module smash their step mid-morning. Sometimes a schedule exclusive permits a graduate to drop on during weekend days. There could be a entourage deadline looming that requires a pupil to go finished the whole instruction in cardinal session.

Whatever the cogitate for attractive attitude driving, the foremost wager for a alum is to stress to bump a pedagogy online. And the optimal online courses hump a system interface. Of these, is NDSS the apotheosis selection for your online utility education? The exclusive pick to screw for trusty is to explore every the options reveal there and gain that prize for yourself. peterson

Online education with NYU-ePoly is very easy efficient. We have lot of tools which makes you easy to learn and understand your courses. Taking graduate class is as easy as preparing your dinner at home.

You can access online courses anywhere you like – at work, at home, while traveling. If you think your daily activity is not allowing you to go school then think again you can turn to NYU-ePoly and earn your masters degree in your interesting field like Electrical Engineering, Online Bioinformatics, Organizational Behavior, Computer engineering, Cyber Security, Telecommunication Networks, Manufacturing Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Wireless Innovation. Also you can gain Certificate programs in Bioinformatics, Cyber Security, Online Computer Engineering, Power Electronics and Systems, Telecommunication Networking, Wireless communication. So no one can stop you from gaining online learning degree if you are committed.

NYU-ePoly is online education department of the Polytechnic Institute of NYU.

We help online students from various part of the world to make their experience and elearning better and smoother. Our help desk is live 24/7. We have best faculty staffing to help you make your distance education better and smooth. Online education is a simple procedure. We have weekly virtual class where professor puts up material, quiz, discussions, and various other materials for you to study. When ever a student get chance to study he access all material of week and studies weekly material. Confusions and doubts are cleared in discussions as well as personal email to professors.

Taking online education exam is also simple procedure. Professors have two categories to take exam. First is if professor wants he can create online exam on our learning platform and take exam. Second is if professor want student to give exam in blue books then student has to find a proctoring facility and fill proctoring request form to ePoly. ePoly will contact your facilities and you can give exam at that proctoring facility. So if you think to go for elearning then NYU-ePoly would be best university to study. Purvi Patel

Applying for college is not as simple as completing the application and submitting it to your top choices. Many colleges ask you to include a personal statement with your application. While an application requests specific information from you, a personal statement is similar to a personal essay. It allows your personality to shine as you provide added details about who you are as a person, the reasons you want to attend the college you’re applying for and the educational and career goals you have set for yourself. College acceptance is very competitive so creating a personal statement that stands out from the rest can really make the difference.

List and explain your personal experiences and qualifications

The first item you should include in your personal statement is experiences you have had related school, extracurricular activities, community service, or work. Colleges like to see that a student is well-rounded and has participated in a variety of activities inside and outside of the classroom. When you are describing these experiences, make sure to be as specific as possible and supply details about each experience. Talk about how you felt and the lessons that each activity taught you.

What makes you unique?

Everyone has a characteristic, trait or experience that makes them unique. Now is the time for you to figure out what makes you special or impressive. College acceptance is a highly competitive arena, so you need to include in your personal statement something that jumps off the page and grabs the attention of the admission officer or board that is pouring over the mound of applications sitting on their desk. Provide a thorough explanation as to why they should choose you over all of the other applicants that are competing for your position in the institution.

List and fully explain the reasons why this college is right for you

Think of yourself as a matchmaker. What does this college or university offer that makes it the right one for you. It may be that it specializes in a specific course of study or that its ranking as the top pre-med program will help you achieve your dream to become a top surgeon.

Match your wants and needs with the institution has to offer, explain why it’s important to you and include how you became interested in the school.

Paint a picture of you

Learn how you can paint yourself in a bright and glowing light using the personal statement you submit with your college application. One of the things you want to include in your personal statement is any work experience you may have that is applicable to the area you wish to study. By sharing relevant work experience, you’re showing the admission officer that your interest in pursuing a line of study that will lead to a career is something you take very seriously. It may also be that your work experience is what sparked your interest in the area of study to begin with. For example, if your summer job was as a camp counselor for children education programs, this may have led to your interest in becoming a teacher. Or maybe your stint at a local medical clinic made you realize that medical research is where your interests lie. Connecting the dots between your experience and interests with what the college can offer you helps to complete the picture.

Describe your career goals

Everyone has a dream career that they wish to pursue. Your personal statement should include your specific career goals. It shows that you are able to organize your thoughts, set goals and take the steps necessary to achieve your goals. Try not to be too general in sharing your goals. For example, if you want to be a pediatrician or a thoracic surgeon, then say this. Don’t just say you want to be a doctor. You’ll also want to share the reasons you’ve set this career goal. If your work with children during a summer camp program that caters to children with epilepsy made you realize that you want to help treat children then say this. Whatever your reasons, make sure that you share this in your personal statement when addressing your career goals. Michael Gluckstern